$back-of-the-envelope-calculations
order-of-magnitude estimation exercises for SREs and engineers
Back-of-the-envelope estimation is the art of getting a good-enough answer fast — no spreadsheet, no simulator, just a few key numbers and a chain of multiplications. It tells you whether a design will work before you build it, exposes bottlenecks early, and sharpens your intuition for what matters at scale. Each exercise below gives you a real-world scenario to estimate, hints if you're stuck, and a full breakdown once you submit.
- [001] How much disk does one day of access logs use?
- [002] How much storage does a Pastebin-like service need over 3 years?
- [003] How much storage does Twitter need per month for tweet content?
- [004] How many tweets per second does Twitter need to ingest?
- [005] How much storage does a Google-scale web crawler need per month?
- [006] How many transactions per second does a Mint-scale finance platform process?
- [007] How many friend relationships exist in a 100M-user social network?